New work describes vital aspects of diffusion processes in tissue development, including the roles that molecular diffusion gradients have on stem cell signaling pathways along with new modeling tools that describe gradients of nutrients and signaling factors in three-dimensional tissue constructs.
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Large-mouthed fish was top predator after mass extinction
The food chains recovered more rapidly than previously assumed after Earth's most devastating mass extinction event about 252 million years ago as demonstrated by the fossilized skull of a large predatory fish called Birgeria americana discovered by paleontologists from the University of Zurich in the desert of Nevada.
Biomarkers for identifying tumor aggressiveness
Future early-stage colon cancer patients could benefit from specific genetic tests that forecast their prognosis and help them make the right decision regarding chemotherapy. Two of the biomarkers are the MACC1 gene, high levels of which promote aggressive tumor growth and the development of metastasis, and a defective DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) system, which plays a role in tumor formation. Life expectancy is longer for patients with dMMR tumors and with low MACC1 gene activity.
Competition for survival signals maintains immune balance
Although scarce, the recently discovered innate lymphoid cells vie with T cells for a shared source of interleukin-7, which helps them to survive. These findings could deepen our understanding of immune memory in vaccine and aging.
Cultural flexibility was key for early humans to survive extreme dry periods in southern Africa
The early human techno-tradition, known as Howiesons Poort, associated with Homo sapiens who lived in southern Africa about 66,000 to 59,000 years ago indicates that during this period of pronounced aridification they developed cultural innovations that allowed them to significantly enlarge the range of environments they occupied.
Talking to yourself in the third person can help you control emotions
The simple act of silently talking to yourself in the third person during stressful times may help you control emotions without any additional mental effort than what you would use for first-person self-talk -- the way people normally talk to themselves.
Longer-lasting fragrance is just a shampoo away, thanks to peptides
Many people select their shampoo based on smell. Unfortunately, that scent usually doesn't last long on hair. Now, one team reports a new way to help the fragrance 'stick' to hair longer.
Goopy Science: How to Make Slime with Glue
Here's a simple photo-illustrated guide to making colorful and goopy slime with your kids.
Diet quality matters not just quantity in mid-to-late-adulthood
A new study has investigated the impact of diet quality in mid-to-late-adulthood on visceral and liver fat not solely relying on Body Mass Index (BMI). Four different measures of diet quality were used to evaluate dietary intake of the multiethnic population over a twenty-year span. Maintaining a high quality diet during mid-to-late adulthood may prevent adverse metabolic consequences related to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL).